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Eddy痔尪腔硌絳忒聊ㄜ膳荌砒秪赽睿坻聆講膳荌砒薯腔梓袧 Dr. Eddy tutorial 每 The impact factor and other measures of journal prestige
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Eddy痔尪蔚峈蠟賤庋荎逄膳堤唳腔價掛眭妎ㄛ迵蠟煦砅坻釬峈珨靡旃噶埜嗣爛眕懂儅濛腔冪桄﹝藩笚坻蔚蚴迡衄壽膳堤唳腔笭猁囀﹝堐黍Eddy痔尪腔壽衾睡傖髡楷桶蹦恅腔枑尨﹝


膳堤唳徹最
膳荌砒秪赽睿坻聆講膳荌砒薯腔梓袧

扂蠅飲眭耋ㄛ悝氪飲醱還覂婓眭靡荎恅膳奻楷桶蹦恅腔揤薯﹝膳荌砒秪赽(IF)岆鼠腔算講膳壽蛁僅睿荌砒薯腔硌梓﹝秪森ㄛ竭嗣旃噶氪翋猁跦擂荌砒秪赽恁寁楷桶蹦恅腔膳﹝

荌砒秪赽腔數呾

荌砒秪赽珨啜岆跺掀硉﹝2010爛荌砒秪赽數呾鼠宒狟ㄩ2
IFX = 2010爛垀竘蚚腔膳X衾2009爛睿2008爛楷桶腔垀衄蹦恅
膳X衾2009爛睿2008爛楷桶腔垀衄蹦恅

斕褫夔眒冪艘堤ㄛ2010爛腔荌砒秪赽硐夔婓2011爛摯眕綴妏蚚﹝膳荌砒秪赽藩爛數呾珨棒ㄛ甜鼠票婓抸伬繚芵楷桶腔膳竘蚚惆豢(JCR)笢﹝

荌砒秪赽腔妏蚚睿昫蚚

impact factor1. 釬峈算講膳壽蛁僅腔諦夤硌梓﹝.褫恁寁腔膳杅講操湮ㄛ膳腔荌砒秪赽枑鼎賸算講膳楷桶蹦恅淕极窐講腔諦夤硌梓﹝珨啜懂佽ㄛ荌砒秪赽硉埣詢ㄛ膳腔壽蛁僅埣湮﹝
journal prestige 2. 芞抎奩恁寁膳﹝.醴衄杅眕勀數腔膳堤唳昜﹝荌砒秪赽峈芞抎奩奪燴埜枑鼎賸珨笱瓚隅悵隱闡虳膳甜彶翹闡虳陔膳腔馱撿﹝
impact factor 3. 悝扲嘛﹝.荌砒秪赽籵都掩蚚衾旃噶氪腔悝扲嘛徹最ㄛ筍岆ㄛ涴笱妏蚚源楊岆祥淏腔ㄛ秪峈荌砒秪赽躺桶尨膳腔淕极窐講ㄛ奧祥岆膳楷桶腔議蹦恅﹝
妏蚚荌砒秪赽奀腔蛁砩岈砐

妏蚚荌砒秪赽掀誕麼嘛膳奀ㄛ茼蛁砩眕狟岈砐ㄩ4,5
  1. 膳荌砒秪赽腔橈勤硉羶衄砩砱﹝瞰ㄩ荌砒秪赽峈2腔膳婓峚汜昜悝脹鍰郖壽蛁僅祥竭詢ㄛ筍婓漆栥悝鍰郖衄誕詢壽蛁僅﹝蚳珛膳 每 撞瓷濬膳麼壽蛁婐漲奪燴腔膳腔荌砒秪赽硉褫夔頗誕腴ㄛ秪峈膳蹦恅翋猁峈屾杅蚳珛黍氪堐黍麼竘蚚﹝6

  2. Impact Factor悝褪砃祥肮﹝祥肮旃噶鍰郖腔竘蚚炾嫦祥肮﹝秪森ㄛ荌砒秪赽祥夔蚚衾掀誕祥肮悝褪腔膳﹝瞰ㄩ瓟悝蹦恅腔竘蚚薹堈詢衾杅悝麼馱最濬蹦恅˙秪森ㄛ瓟悝膳腔荌砒秪赽詢衾杅悝摯馱最膳﹝7

  3. 荌砒秪赽婓杻隅鍰郖砩砱祥湮﹝瞰ㄩ婓數呾儂褪悝鍰郖ㄛ頗祜蹦恅掩弝峈褪撮蹦恅腔翋猁倛宒﹝

  4. 拸荌砒秪赽祥夔測桶膳祥笭猁﹝抸伬繚芵跦擂坻蠅腔竘恅杅擂踱數呾荌砒秪赽﹝杅擂踱彶賸埮25,000模肮俴机膳腔撓綱珨圉﹝杅擂踱腔葡裔毓峓煦票珩祥歙埱ㄛ議虳悝褪鍰郖膳腔彶翹薹猁詢衾坳鍰郖﹝鍚俋ㄛ呥抸伬繚芵杅擂踱彶翹賸懂赻60跺弊模腔膳ㄛ筍懂赻楷湛弊模腔膳甜祥嗣ㄛ奧硐衄屾杅準荎逄膳﹝

苤泂尪

涴岆祥都掩竘蚚腔跺偶惆豢竭麵掩楷桶腔埻秪眳珨﹝岈妗奻ㄛ議虳膳眒俇礿砦楷桶跺偶惆豢ㄛ撈妏勤黍氪竭衄砩砱﹝
秪荌砒秪赽絳祡腔膳嫦瞰腔蜊曹

珨啜懂佽ㄛ荌砒秪赽勤膳晤憮迵勤旃噶氪肮脹笭猁﹝荌砒秪赽褫蚚衾算講膳腔珛憎ㄛ秪森竭嗣膳晤憮峈枑詢膳腔荌砒秪赽奧醱還覂揤薯﹝9鍚俋ㄛ荌砒秪赽珩褫眕紱諷﹝3,10-12瞰ㄩ擂楷珋ㄛ蹦恅梒腔竘蚚杅講郔湮ㄛ秪森膳褫鴃講嗣華楷桶机恅梒枑詢膳腔荌砒秪赽﹝膳晤憮褫眕蹦恅岆瘁眢掩竘蚚峈價插懂恁寁蹦恅﹝膳珩褫猁釬氪竘蚚膳腔坳蹦恅ㄗ傖峈※赻扂竘蚚§ㄘ﹝

荌砒秪赽腔杸測硌梓

荌砒秪赽梩翋絳華弇腔擁醱眒厥哿杅坋爛﹝筍岆ㄛ輪爛懂ㄛ蠅羲楷堤賸算講膳壽蛁僅腔杸測硌梓﹝擂楷珋ㄛ垀衄涴虳硌梓飲誑眈躇眈壽﹝珩憩岆佽ㄛ跦擂涴虳硌梓輛俴腔膳齬靡撓綱飲岆珨祡腔ㄛ呥膳腔橈勤齬靡湔婓船祑﹝秪森ㄛ婓恁寁壽蛁麼袧掘楷桶蹦恅腔膳奀ㄛ旃噶氪褫赻蚕華妏蚚眕狟睡珨笱硌梓ㄛ奧拸剒擁癹衾荌砒秪赽﹝13-15
Scimago膳齬靡(DJR)
杅擂懂埭ㄩScopus
脤戙厙硊: http://www.scimagojr.com/ 轎煤
數呾源楊ㄩ懂赻眭靡膳腔竘恅煦硉詢衾懂赻誕腴脹撰膳腔竘恅ㄗ濬侔衾嗷貉厙珜齬靡腔數呾源楊ㄘ﹝2010爛腔SJR跦擂2010爛垀竘蚚腔2007爛﹜2008爛睿2009爛ㄗ爛ㄘ腔蹦恅杅講數呾﹝

蚥萸ㄩSJR褫硌尨闡虳膳掩眭靡膳竘蚚蹦恅腔褫夔俶載湮ㄛ奧祥岆躺躺硌尨闡虳膳掩竘蚚郔嗣﹝
膳荌砒秪赽(JIF)
杅擂懂埭ㄩ藝弊褪悝惆旃噶垀
脤戙弇离ㄩ膳竘痐惆豢剒隆堐
數呾源楊ㄩ垀衄腔竘恅煦饜腔煦硉眈脹﹝荌砒秪赽眕謗爛峈笚輛俴數呾﹝
蚥萸ㄩ岆妏蚚郔嫘滓腔換苀算講膳壽蛁僅腔硌梓﹝悝扲賜腔湮嗣杅飲賸賤甜妏蚚膳荌砒秪赽﹝
等恅梒埭梓袧趙荌砒 (SNIP)
杅擂懂埭: Scopus
脤戙厙硊: http://www.journalindicators.com/ 轎煤
數呾源楊ㄩ數呾等恅梒埭梓袧趙荌砒腔醴腔岆妗珋議鍰郖竘恅腔梓袧趙ㄛ秪森秏壺賸膳荌砒秪赽婓祥肮鍰郖腔詢腴曹趙﹝等恅梒埭梓袧趙荌砒珩數呾坳嗣笱硌梓ㄛ婓議膳悝褪鍰郖囀腔竘蚚薯﹝
蚥萸ㄩ婓算講跪悝褪眭靡僅源醱ㄛ等恅梒埭梓袧趙荌砒腔褫蕞俶猁隴珆詢衾膳荌砒秪赽﹝16
杻涽秪赽煦硉(ES)睿蹦恅荌砒煦硉(AIS)
杅擂懂埭ㄩ藝弊褪悝惆旃噶垀
脤戙厙硊: http://www.eigenfactor.org/ 轎煤
數呾源楊ㄩ杻涽秪赽煦硉濬侔衾SIRㄛ懂赻衾眭靡膳腔竘恅垀煦饜腔煦硉誕詢﹝杻涽秪赽煦硉眕5爛峈笚輛俴數呾﹝郔笭猁腔岆ㄛ杻涽秪赽煦硉遜膘蕾旃噶氪渀勤跪膳垀豪煤奀潔腔杅悝耀倰﹝蹦恅荌砒煦硉濬侔衾荌砒秪赽ㄛ筍蹦恅荌砒煦硉瞳蚚杻涽秪赽煦硉輛俴數呾ㄛ秪森數呾賦彆掀荌砒秪赽腔褫陓僅載詢﹝
蚥萸ㄩ衄痐擂桶隴ㄛ眈誕荌砒秪赽ㄛ杻涽秪赽煦硉睿蹦恅荌砒煦硉岆算講膳眭靡僅腔載褫蕞硌梓﹝14
賦蹦
膳荌砒秪赽蚚衾嘛膳腔準都衄蚚腔馱撿ㄛ筍岆ㄛ妏蚚源楊斛剕磁燴﹝婓樵隅芘詨膳奀ㄛ祥夔硐統蕉荌砒秪赽﹝斛剕檣暮ㄛ壽蛁誕晜悝褪毓峓腔膳ㄗㄩ淖剿煦赽瓷燴悝ㄘ腔荌砒秪赽褫夔腴衾壽蛁悝褪毓峓嫘滓腔膳ㄗㄩ瓷燴悝娸祩ㄘ﹝郔綴ㄛ旃噶氪茼粒坳硌梓嘛膳窐講ㄛ等恅梒埭梓袧趙荌砒 睿杻涽秪赽煦硉ㄛ眕載疑華賸賤膳腔壽蛁僅睿荌砒薯﹝

Contributors
The impact factor and other measures of journal prestige

It is a well known fact that academics worldwide face pressure to publish in prestigious English language journals. And the journal impact factor (IF) is the most widely recognized indicator of journal prestige and influence. Accordingly, many people choose which journals to publish in based largely on the IF. 1

Calculation of IF

The IF is basically a ratio. The 2010 IF is calculated as follows:2
IFX = All citations in 2010 to articles published in Journal X in 2009 and 2008
All citable articles published in Journal X in 2009 and 2008

As you might have guessed, IFs for 2010 become available only in 2011 and so on. Journal IFs are calculated yearly and disclosed in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) published by Thomson Reuters.

Use and misuse of the IF

impact factor1. As an objective measure of journal prestige. There are a vast number of journals to choose from, and the journals* IF provides an objective measure of the overall quality of work published in that journal. As a general rule, the higher the IF value of a journal, the more prestigious it is considered to be.
journal prestige 2. To select journals for libraries. There are tens of thousands of journal publications in existence. The IF provides library administrators with a tool to decide which journals to retain in their collections and which new ones to acquire for their libraries.
impact factor 3. Academic evaluation. The IF is often used in the process of academic evaluations of researchers for tenure, grants, funding, etc. However, this use is incorrect because the IF is only meant to indicate the quality of an entire journal, not the quality of individual articles published in the journal.3
Beware while using the IF

When using the IF to compare or assess journals, be on the lookout for the following:4,5
  1. The absolute value of a journal*s IF is meaningless. For example, a journal with an impact factor of 2 would not be very impressive in a subject like microbiology, but it would be in oceanography. Specialty journals - like disease-specific journals or journals focusing on disaster management - tend to have a low IF value because the journal articles are mostly read and cited by a small specialized audience.6

  2. Impact FactorDisciplinary trends are different. Citation habits vary across different research areas. Therefore, IFs should not be used to compare journals across disciplines. For example, citation frequency is much higher in medicine than in mathematics or engineering; therefore, medical journals have higher IFs than mathematical and engineering journals.7

  3. IFs are not very relevant in certain fields. For example, in computer science, conference proceedings are considered the principal form of scientific publication.

  4. Not having an IF doesn*t make a journal unworthy. Thomson Reuters calculates IFs based on their citation database. The database indexes roughly half of the approximately 25,000 peer-reviewed journals8 believed to be published. The coverage of their database is unevenly distributed as well, with some subject areas better indexed than others. In addition, although it indexes journals from 60 countries, there are not many publications from under-developed countries and only a small number of journals that publish in languages other than English.

Not so fun fact

This is one of the reasons that case reports, which are not frequently cited, are difficult to publish. Indeed, some journals have ceased publishing case reports all together, even though they can be highly useful to readers.
Changes in journal practice because of the IF

The IF is as important, if not more, for journal editors as for researchers. The IF is used to measure journal performance, and many journal editors are under pressure to increase their journal*s IF.9 Further, IFs can be manipulated.3,10-12 For example, review articles have been found to attract the most number of citations, so journals may try to publish more review articles to increase their IF. Journal editors may select articles on the basis of how likely they are to be cited. Journals may also ask authors to cite other papers from the journal (called ※self-citations§).

Alternatives to the IF

The IF ruled the roost for several decades. However, alternative indicators of journal prestige have been developed in recent years. It has been found that all of these indicators correlate closely with each other. In other words, journal rankings based on these indicators tend to be similar, though there may be differences in the absolute journal rankings. So researchers should feel free to use any one of the below indicators, and not limit themselves to the IF, when selecting journals to follow or publish in.13-15
Scimago Journal Rank (SJR)
Data source: Scopus
Can be found at: http://www.scimagojr.com/ free
How it*s calculated: Citations from prestigious journals are given more weight than citations from lower-tier journals (similar to Google*s PageRank algorithm). SJR for 2010 is calculated by counting 2010 citations to papers published in 2007, 2008, and 2009 (three-year period).
Why it*s useful: SJR indicates which journals are more likely to have articles cited by prestigious journals, not simply which journals are cited the most.
Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Data source: ISI Web of Science
Can be found in: Journal Citation Reports subscription required
How it*s calculated: All citations are given equal weight. The IF is calculated over a two-year period.
Why it*s useful: It is the traditional and most widely accepted measure of journal prestige. Most people in the academic world know about and use the JIF.
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)
Data source: Scopus
Can be found at: http://www.journalindicators.com/ free
How its calculated: SNIP is computed so that citations are normalized by field. Thus, it eliminates variations found in JIF wherein the IFs are high in certain fields and low in others. They calculate several other metrics as well, like citation potential in the journal*s subject field.
Why it*s useful: SNIP is a much more reliable indicator than the JIF for comparing journals among disciplines. It is also less open to manipulation by journals.16
Eigenfactor score (ES) and Article Influence Score (AIS)
Data source: ISI Web of Science
Can be found at: http://www.eigenfactor.org/ free
How its calculated: ES is similar to SJR; it also gives greater weight to citations from prestigious journals. ES is calculated over a 5-year period. Like SNIP, it also normalizes citations by field. Finally, it tries to mathematically model the time that a researcher spends with each journal. The AIS is similar to the IF, except the AIS is calculated using the ES, making it a more robust calculation than the IF.
Why it*s useful: The evidence indicates that ES and AIS are more robust indicators of journal prestige and influence than the IF. 14
Conclusion
The journal impact factor is a very useful tool for the evaluation of journals, but it must be used wisely. The decision on which journal to send your manuscript to should not rest solely on the IF. It is especially important to remember that a journal with a narrow focus (e.g., Diagnostic Molecular Pathology) may have a lower IF than a more broad-based journal (e.g., Journal of Pathology). Finally, researchers should look up other indicators for journal quality, like SNIP and Eigenfactor score, to get a better idea of journal prestige and influence.
Contributors



關於意得輯

意得輯專為研究學者及各類學術單位提供英文編修以及期刊發表協助服務,我們在台灣、日本、美國、韓國、中國上海、新加坡和印度均設有辦事處,擁有世界上規模最大的編修團隊,為提供專業語言協助服務公司中的領導權威。